Abstract
We performed an umbrella review of dose-response meta-analyses of prospective studies reporting the incidence of type 2 diabetes associated with the consumption of animal-based foods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase according to PRISMA. Thirteen meta-analyses are included in the study providing 175 summary risk ratio estimates. The consumption of 100g/day of total or red meat, or 50g/day of processed meat, were associated with an increased risk; RR and 95% CI were respectively 1.20, 1.13-1.27; 1.22, 1.14-1.30 and 1.30, 1.22-1.39. White meat (50g/day) was associated with an increased risk, but of lesser magnitude (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.08). A risk reduction was reported for 200g/day of total dairy (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98) or low-fat dairy (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93-1.00) or milk (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.98), or 100g/day of yogurt (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98). No association with diabetes risk was reported for fish or eggs. In conclusions animal-based foods have a different association with diabetes risk. To reduce diabetes risk the consumption of red and processed meat should be restricted; a moderate consumption of dairy foods, milk and yogurt, can be encouraged; moderate amounts of fish and eggs are allowed.
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