Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major medical problem and the world's third leading cause of death. COPD is a chronic disease with heterogeneous clinical symptoms, disease progression, and treatment responses. Besides pulmonary symptomatology, the common systemic clinical manifestations are cachexia, muscle weakness, and widespread comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, and infections. The adverse effects of pharmaceutical therapies contribute to the difficulty of health risk assessment and management of COPD patients. This review shows how skeletal muscle dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities contribute significantly to COPD patients' symptoms, functional activities, quality of life, and overall disease outcomes. Based on the clinical evidence of L-carnitine and derivatives as metabolic and muscle bioenergetic enhancers, we propose broader research and implementation of this nutraceutical agent as an effective, inexpensive, and safe adjuvant therapeutic for the long-term management of COPD patients. Moreover, we believe the management of COPD as a chronic disease should be shifted from symptomatic reactive pharmaceutical intervention to more constructive and non-toxic approaches using a single or combination of natural and nutritional agents with potential muscle metabolic enhancing and immunomodulating activities to achieve a better overall outcome for the patients in terms of morbidity, mortality, and medical cost-reduction.
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