Abstract
Context:
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may optimize body composition, yet mechanisms underlining its benefits were not clear in human.
Objective:
To reveal the CLA-induced changes in plasma metabolome associated with body composition improvement and the predictive performance of baseline metabolome on intervention responsiveness.
Methods:
Plasma metabolome from overnight fasted samples at pre- and post-intervention of 65 participants in a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial (3.2 g/day CLA vs. 3.2 g/day sunflower oil) were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Mixed linear model and machine learning were applied to assess differential metabolites between treatments, and to identify optimal panel (based on baseline conventional variables vs. metabolites) predicting responders of CLA-derived body composition improvement (increased muscle variables or decreased adiposity variables) based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results:
Compared to placebo, CLA altered 57 metabolites (P < 0.10) enriched in lipids/lipid-like molecules including glycerophospholipids (n=7), fatty acyls (n=6), sphingolipids (n=3). CLA-upregulated cholic acid (or downregulated aminopyrrolnitrin) was inversely correlated with changes in muscle and adiposity variables. Inter-individual variability in response to CLA-derived body composition change. The areas under the receiver operator characteristics curves of optimal metabolite panels were higher than that of optimal conventional panels in predicting favorable responders of waist circumference (0.93 [0.82-1.00] vs 0.64 [0.43-0.85]), visceral adiposity index (0.95 [0.88-1.00] vs 0.58 [0.35-0.80]), appendicular fat mass (0.97 [0.92-1.00] vs 0.73 [0.55-0.91]) upon CLA supplementation (all FDR P<0.05).
Conclusions:
Post-intervention metabolite alterations were identified, involving in lipid/energy metabolism, associated with body composition changes. Baseline metabolite profiling enhanced the prediction accuracy on responsiveness of CLA-induced body composition benefits.
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