Abstract
Overexposure to selenium (Se) is detrimental to glucose metabolism, mainly because of its pro-oxidant effects and the overexpression of selenoproteins. This systematic review and meta-analysis unprecedentedly evaluated the effects of Se supplementation on glycaemic control in healthy rodents. The methodology followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched the electronic databases for articles published up to May 2022. The risk of bias and the methodological quality were assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) and the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES). The results are presented as meta-analytic estimates of the overall (SMD) and 95% confidence limits (CI). Of the 2,359 records retrieved, 13 studies were included, of which 11 used sodium selenite and two used zero-valent selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) as supplement. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Generally, the risk of bias was high and 23.1% of the studies were of high quality. Supplementation with sodium selenite significantly increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) [SMD=2.57 (95% CI 1.07-4.07), I2=93.5% (p=0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed effect size was larger for interventions lasting between 21 and 28 days [SMD=25.74 (95% CI 2.29-9.18), I²=96.1% (p=0.001)] and for a dose of 864.7 μg/kg/day of sodium selenite [SMD=10.26 (95% CI 2.42-18.11), I²=97.1% (p=0.010)]. However, it did not affect glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity [SMD=0.60 (95% CI -0.71-1.91), I²=83.2% (p=0.37]). The current analysis demonstrated the adverse effects of sodium selenite supplementation on glycaemic control in healthy rodents.
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