Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that is slow progressive destruction of the joints and is caused by autoantibodies that target a variety of organs thereby leading to auto-destruction. Patients diagnosed with RA develop deformity of joints and show gradual functional impairment if they do not receive treatment within the desired timeline. The availability of biological treatments and the introduction of treat-to-target regimens have dramatically enhanced the outcome for patients treated with RA conditions. Nevertheless, there is still attention required for RA because patients do not respond adequately to currently available treatment regimens. Over the past few decades, newer therapy methods are evolving to better understand the in-depth literature behind the actual cause of RA. Thus, getting an insight into the importance of RA there is a need for a shift in the existing treatment. This article focuses on a comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of newer targets such as Janus Kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Pathway, Phosphoinositide-3-kinase Pathway, Dendritic cells, Neuropathway, Receptor activator of nuclearfactor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) Inhibitors, Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Synovial Anatomy emphasizing on Synovial fibroblasts Myeloid Cells which have been summarized. In addition, novel therapeutic targets such as proteins, small molecular metabolites, and epigenetics are described in this article. Cytokines, chemokines, and other protein targets are among the protein target. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, cannabinoids, and specific fatty acid amide hydrolase are all examples of small molecular metabolites. DNA, RNA, and Histone Modification are epigenetic targets. Furthermore, the article provides an in-depth understanding of the exact mechanism in underlying pathophysiology in RA and thereby substantiating their evident therapeutic effect with ongoing clinical trials. Nevertheless, these newer targets would help to bring and paradigm shift in the treatment of this ancient autoimmune disorder.
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